Pola Dan Logika Nikah Sirri Dalam Kultur Masyarakat Madura

Sirri marriage does not seem to be a problem in Maduran society, even when the women are often harmed during or after the marriage. This apparent indifference can be explained by analyzing the cultural logic of Maduran society, among them through the patriarchal relations where women are ignorant of public administration issues, the view that women must be protected, herded and made into an asset of men's pride. The paradigms regarding virginity (parabhan) and spinsters, and the fiqh-based religious reasoning apparent in Maduran society exacerbates the problem. There are several explanations for the patterns of sirri marriages in Madura: poverty, ignorance or lack of information on behalf of the women, the practice of arranged marriages (ajuduagi) and polygamy. Sirri marriages in Madura leads to child laborers supporting families, underage widows due to incapacity of handling domestic conflicts and hindrances for women from accessing their rights in many aspects due to their dependence on men

Em Approach on Influence Measures in Competing Risks Via Proportional Hazard Regression Model

In a conventional competing risk s model, the time to failure of a particular experimental unit might be censored and the cause of failure can be known or unknown. In this thesis the analysis of this particular model was based on the cause-specific hazard of Cox model. The Expectation Maximization (EM) was considered to obtain the estimate of the parameters. These estimates were then compared to the Newton-Raphson iteration method. A generated data where the failure times were taken as exponentially distributed was used to further compare these two methods of estimation. From the simulation study for this particular case, we can conclude that the EM algorithm proved to be more superior in terms of mean value of parameter estimates, bias and root mean square error. To detect irregularities and peculiarities in the data set, the residuals, Cook distance and the likelihood distance were computed. Unlike the residuals, the perturbation method of Cook's distance and the likelihood distance were effective in the detection of observations that have influenced on the parameter estimates. We considered both the EM approach and the ordinary maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach in the computation of the influence measurements. For the ultimate results of influence measurements we utilized the approach of the one step . The EM one-step and the maximum likelihood (ML) one-step gave conclusions that are analogous to the full iteration distance measurements. In comparison, it was found that EM one-step gave better results than the ML one step with respect to the value of Cook's distance and likelihood distance. It was also found that Cook's distance i s better than the likelihood distance with respect to the number of observations detected

The Quadratic Assignment Problem : Some New Result and Generalization

The Quadratic assignment problem is a combinatorial problem ofdeciding the placement of facilities in specified locations in such a wayas to minimize an function expressed in terms of distances betweenlocations and flows between facilities. The approach presented in thispaper is to treat is as a large quadratic programming problem withinteger resfictions on the variables. The integer requirements areinitially relaxed, and the nearest feasible solutions in then sought.schemes for accomplishing this are described, and their applicability tomore general problems is discussed

Analysis of the sign regressor least mean fourth adaptive algorithm

A novel algorithm, called the signed regressor least mean fourth (SRLMF) adaptive algorithm, that reduces the computational cost and complexity while maintaining good performance is presented. Expressions are derived for the steady-state excess-mean-square error (EMSE) of the SRLMF algorithm in a stationary environment. A sufficient condition for the convergence in the mean of the SRLMF algorithm is derived. Also, expressions are obtained for the tracking EMSE of the SRLMF algorithm in a nonstationary environment, and consequently an optimum value of the step-size is obtained. Moreover, the weighted variance relation has been extended in order to derive expressions for the mean-square error (MSE) and the mean-square deviation (MSD) of the proposed algorithm during the transient phase. Computer simulations are carried out to corroborate the theoretical findings. It is shown that there is a good match between the theoretical and simulated results. It is also shown that the SRLMF algorithm has no performance degradation when compared with the least mean fourth (LMF) algorithm. The results in this study emphasize the usefulness of this algorithm in applications requiring reduced implementation costs for which the LMF algorithm is too complex

User Interface and RF-Front End Design for Radio Direction Finding-Miniature Unmanned Air Vehicles (RDF-MUAV)

Radio direction finding perform better at high altitude due to greater line of sight coverage. In this paper, the radio direction finding-miniature unmanned air vehicles (RDF-MUAVs) platform able to localize the beacon by accessing the direction of signal and report it back to the ground station immediately, improving search and rescue operations. RDF-MUAV system divided into four major part; RF front end design; RF software design; ground station design; and user interface (UI). This paper focuses on two out of the four major parts, which designing a good UI and RF front end to be integrated into the system. The UI is designed using Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) architecture in Raspberry Pi platform that can display accurate data obtained from RDF-MUAVs. The UI is based on HTML which is lightweight, modifiable and can be accessed through smartphone, tablets, or personal computer. In the antenna design, phase direction finder method is chosen. The rotation of antenna can be done by moving the UAV to obtain the bearing to the source signal. Proposed type of antenna is Yagi-Uda antenna due to its high gain and relatively small size. The folded dipole is chosen as the driven element of the antenna due to its bandwidth characteristics and directivity. Result shows the function-al bandwidth is 200MHz which can accept electromagnetic waves from 500MHz to 600MHz and 900MHz to 1000MHz. Overall, the design implementations provide a feasible system in search and rescue operation